Twin tunnels form a two-lane road that connects the port of Dublin, which lies in the eastern part

Twin tunnels form a two-lane road that connects the port of Dublin, which lies in the eastern part of central Dublin and the M1 near Dublin Airport. The tunnel 4.5 km (2.8 mi), and the total length of the entire complex is 5.6 km (3.5 mi). Total cost of the project amounted to 752 million euros. The tunnel was officially opened on December 20, 2006 the then Prime Minister Bertie Ahern (Bertie Ahern), but the toll it was allowed only for freight transport. For all vehicles it was opened January 28, 2007. Destination
Tunnel facilitates the loading surface road in the center gu of Dublin, directing the flow of cargo from the port directly to the Dublin suburban highway. This has a positive impact gu on passenger buses, pedestrians and cyclists moving along the promenade including gu most clean air and safe movement. To make the tunnel less attractive for cars, not all trucks are subject to substantial fare on the tunnel. Trucks from the port to the north and west, about 6 minutes passing tunnel are out of town. With a tunnel option was chosen due to the fact that the option of ground highway, solving gu the problem was impossible.
Dublin Bus Route 142 uses the tunnel to get into the port area moving from the northern suburbs. Intercity buses from Belfast, Derry and Letterkenny use the tunnel gu as an alternative path when congestion surface road. Port Tunnel Project
The tunnel was first proposed in the 1990s after several engineering and traffic studies, and then included in the development plan of the city of Dublin 199 - 2005. After public hearings, the project was approved in 1999.
The tunnel was part of the National Development Plan (National Development Plan) and funding for this plan was sent to the National Roads Authority (National Roads Authority) Department of Transport (Department of Transport). The project was administered by Dublin City Council gu (Dublin City Council) and controlled Brown & Root, a division of Halliburton. The main contractor is the Japanese gu - British - Irish consortium Nishimatsu Mowlem Irishenco gu (NMI), selected gu in 2000. (Because of the bankruptcy, the name and assets of the Irish company Irishenco Mowlen were bought even before the construction of the tunnel, and today is the Irish subsidiary Irishenco Mowlem). Construction costs of the tender was 457 million euros. Final price has increased to 752 million euros due to the purchase of land, design work, insurance, legal and other services, as well as auditing services Brown & Root.
Construction of the tunnel began in June 2001 and was originally supposed to be completed in 2005 after 43 months of work. November 15, 2006 Dublin City Council has announced the opening of the port tunnel gu December 20, 2006, which amounted to 66 months.
One of the reasons for the increase of the construction period were public complaints about the noise. In some areas, such as Ewen Griffith (Griffith Avenue) and the Cloisters (Cloisters), drilling operations were limited to 16 hours a day. In Annadale Crescent (Annadale gu Crescent) they were limited to 13 hours. Specifications Tunnel Length: 4.5 km (2.80 miles) - the total project 5.6 km (3.48 mi) Overpass 2 overpass gu width: 11.77 m (38 feet 7.82 inches) Bandwidth (two on the overpass): 3.65 m (11 ft 11.70 inches ) shoulder width (two on the overpass): 1 m (3 ft 3.37 inches) Height gu overpass: 4.9 m (16 feet 0.91 inches) Working Height: 4.65 m (15 feet 3.07 inches) The lowest gu point: -30 m (-98 feet 5.10 inches) Marino (Marino)
This is the second longest city tunnel in Europe after the Commonwealth Lanka (Södra Länken) gu in Stockholm, Sweden. However, if we assume and urban road tunnels, the Dublin Port Tunnel will be shorter than some European tunnels, such as Laerdal Tunnel (Lærdal Tunnel) in Norway (24.5 km Gotthard road tunnel (Gotthard Road Tunnel) in Switzerland (17 km), Mont Blanc tunnel (Mont Blanc Tunnel) in France (11.6 km) and the Westerschelde tunnel (Westerschelde Tunnel) in the Netherlands (6.6 km). Tunnel Construction
The tunnel consists of five sections: two sections open penetrations, gu two sections of underground development, one in soft clay and rock through a hard limestone, and the puncture section under the railway line Dublin-Belfast.
Section open penetrations are notches on the depth of 12 meters, which were omitted in the horseshoe section of poured concrete and then backfilled. The southern section, in Fairview (Fairview), a length of 500 meters, while the northern connecting Church Whitehall (Whitehall Church) with Shentalla (Shantalla), length gu of over 1500 meters. This part of the project and made Mowlen Irishenco.
Excavation of two underground sections of the mine began with a depth of 33 meters and a diameter of 57 meters, built on Collins Eve